When examining the two communities perceived disadvantages of university-industry research collaborations there is a much greater disparity. In general both groups perceived substantial advantages. However, the research partners held significantly different perspectives on 8 of 10 of the disadvantages. Scores for all the items were low when compared to scores on the advantage items, but…

By 2009, the farm labor force had few SAWS . Thus, to maintain a large and flexible agricultural worker force, a steady stream of new, young workers is required— whether it be from a porous border, temporary work permits, or a perpetual program of earned legalization through farm work.Multiple aspects of intensive agriculture adversely alter…

Most of the literature that cautions against the importance given to agriculture for poverty alleviation however relates to a different argument: while the relatively strong poverty impact of agricultural growth seems to be a fairly robust result, the cost of investing to obtain a given growth is far higher in agriculture than in other sectors,…

However, these long-run changes would not advantage California agriculture versus the rest of the nation. Aside from the direct impact that low natural gas prices will have on the agricultural sector, there will also be two major indirect impacts. The first stems from the impact natural gas prices have on fertilizer prices. Natural gas is…

Farmers and CAs could either post to Kudu through an AgriNet agent, or they could engage independently on the platform. In practice, almost all farmers who sold on the platform did so directly, rather than engaging in AgriNet brokered deals. Similarly, CAs, who were recruited from pools of existing traders in the area, operated almost…

The large changes in the rice markets may partially explain the fact that the gap between the yield frontier and adopted yield potential has grown by two to three times that for either wheat or maize.One of most impressive accomplishments of China’s research system is that it has been able to consistently create and deliver to…

Grazing of unripe crops by caprines helps prevent cereal stems collapsing under their own weight , which can be a danger in highly fertile plots; it also results in shorter, denser crop plants less prone to this problem.Grazing has an additional benefit in that it helps convert stubble into manure which is deposited by the…

Similar community events may have occurred at sites in the middle Moche Valley throughout the history of field cultivation; however, an elevated scale appears to have been reached during the Gallinazo and Early Moche phases. In his discussion of plant and animal remains recovered from the Preceramic site of Cerro Lampay in the Fortaleza Valley…

We can consider chicha production as an example of the difficulty of distinguishing between the production of feasts and daily meals: the steps of chicha production have been documented ethnographically and through experimental archaeology in the Andes , including on the north coast of Peru . These studies point to three broad contexts of production: large-scale…