In addition, investigation of monovalent cation selectivity of OsHKT1;4 expressed in oocytes bathed in solutions containing solo cation-chloride salts further revealed that this transporter is highly selective for Na+ amongst Li+ , K+ , Rb+ , Cs+ , Na+ , and NH4 + . These results indicate that OsHKT1;4 is a Na+ transporter. HKT proteins…

As mentioned earlier, short-term increases in yield should appear directly in the GDP accounts if land under cultivation is relatively fixed in the short term, and agricultural output constitutes a sizable share of GDP. Table 5 presents fixed effects OLS estimators for equation , covering five-year growth periods from 1965 to 2000. Consistent with the…

The expansion of large-scale commercial agriculture has also caused deforestation of some of the most bio-diverse forests in the world, such as in the Amazon, for soybean production , and in Southeast Asian rain forests, for oil palm . Since the 1990s, particularly in Brazil and Indonesia where the greatest amount of deforestation occurred, the…

Such information can be used to derive inputs for crop models in conjunction with yield mapping analysis to identify areas in the field that are stable over space and time. Crop models can be executed on those areas to provide insights on the reason of variability as well as estimates of potential economic return of variable-rate…

While smallholders are not bound to PAD’s recommendations, PAD promises higher yields and profits, holds a monopoly on knowledge, and is using its knowledge to ensure obedience. This external control, a dynamic of urbanized agrarian knowledge, is problematic in its own right: while often very specific about climate and soil conditions, PAD appears to take little heed of local social,…

They find that only when cell phone services help traders reach markets further away does improved infrastructure raise local prices, benefiting producers. For teff in Ethiopia, Vendercasteelen et al. show that proximity to cities increases the price received by farmers as well as the use of fertilizer and improved seed, resulting in higher yields, especially proximity…

Explanations of the socioeconomic element of the transition from foraging through mixed economies to those that take up full-time agriculture will entail not only marginal analysis and opportunity costs but also risk, discounting, economies of scale, and transaction costs. We know this because the spatial form and temporal scale of agricultural production fundamentally change the…

They provide suggestive evidence that the advice given by dealers is motivated at least partly by their concerns about how it will affect their reputation and future business opportunities. This offers one explanation as to why dealers advise farmers about a new seed variety even when prices do not give them a direct incentive to do…

This trip is a wonderful experience.” However, Richard Symansky and Nancy Burley have pointed out that the property at Sosúa was not first on a list of areas recommended for colonization, in spite of Rosen and Rosenberg’s glowing reports. Symanski and Burley continue to list the physical deficiencies of the Sosúa property, citing its “low…