This result could indicate that having other managed systems nearby results in fewer source populations of pests in the immediate surrounding, whereas having widespread cropland in the landscape leads to a concentration of pests [i.e., resource concentration hypothesis ] or a lack of natural enemies [enemies hypothesis ] within the broader agricultural region. If so,…

Development of next-generation crop models can be divided into several categories: significant improvements in simulation of important crop processes and responses to stress; extension from simplified crop models to cropping systems models that address complexity in space, time and the number of processes considered; and scaling up from field-based models to landscape, national, continental, and…