A completely randomized full-factorial design was used to organize the individuals into four treatment groups: droughted and inoculated with N. australe , droughted and not inoculated , watered and inoculated with N. australe and a control; watered and not inoculated . Data were collected for ~90 days to track declines in health and mortality rates…

Monitoring irrigation flows down each furrow while growing crops is, however, labor-intensive. This practice can eliminate surface runoff.Properly designed and maintained sprinkler and drip irrigation systems for field crops can enhance irrigation efficiency and help eliminate surface runoff. However, this conversion increases capital costs over that of furrow irrigation, so it is generally practiced only…

As an example, the plant-derived mAb cocktail ZMapp for Ebola virus disease, manufactured by Kentucky Bioprocessing for Mapp bio-pharmaceutical 18 and other partners, and deployed during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014, was evaluated only in primates infected with the Congolese variant of the virus , with no randomized controlled clinical trial before administration…

This agricultural region in northern California is unique in that it is among the handful of places in the country that emerged as a catalyst and knowledge hub for farming alternatively – specifically, the organic movement – and where a large concentration of diversified fruit and vegetable farms continue to thrive today. Due to a…

For algae, the EC50 values are much larger for spinosad and pyrethrins than copper hydroxide , which is the most heavily applied AI in the fixed copper group . The EC50 toxicity value of sulfur is 0.06 and it is known to be an artifact due to the fact that sulfur is almost completely insoluble in water.…

This significant change in trigger rate raises the question of whether or not the current hardware will be able to handle triggering effectively at 100 Hz. This section explores the hardware computing performance of the ARIANNA pilot station, which includes the waveform digitizers, the readout into the FPGA, the transmission from FPGA to the MBED…

The outline of miRNA accumulation across samples is different from that of sRNA-producing loci. While the expression of sRNA-generating regions allows distinguishing very well between ripened and green berries and also between cultivars , the accumulation of miRNAs shows a clear distinction only between ripened and green berries, and when the berries were green, we…

One focused on expression at one similar sugar level in both locations. Another identified a common set of genes whose transcript abundance changed in both locations. And the third one was a more comprehensive network analysis using all of the sugar levels and the two locations. We chose two very similar sugar levels to determine…

This current amplification circuit has good current sensitivity and enormous dynamics range, easily able to accommodate the several hundred µA necessary to reach the critical current of the nanoSQUID sensor.There are a lot of things that make scanning probe microscopy tough relative to other techniques for performing microscopy. One particularly challenging issue is navigation of the…

It is very often the case that there exist two global minima in energy that are anti-parrallel along an axis of high symmetry; when this is the case, we say that the system is an Ising ferromagnet. The axis along which the ground state spin orientation points is called the ‘easy axis.’We are now ready…