It turns out that this analogy is complete; it is also the case that a two dimensional region of uniform magnetization also experiences the same forces and torques in a magnetic field as an equivalent circulating current. The converse is also true- circulating currents can be modelled as two dimensional regions of uniform magnetization. The…

This market has expanded rapidly in the past 20 years, with estimates of total retail specialty coffee sales—excluding Walmart—continuing to increase in the past decade . The specialty coffee market supports a distinct value chain. By definition, specialty coffees distinguish themselves from bulk coffee on the basis of a variety of factors that include quality ,…

As the system gets closer to the refuge, the combination of a lower bound on the scale population and the rapidity with which it can increase when under protection from the ants combine to frequently produce chaotic oscillations, and the collision between the boundary of the chaos and the basin edge causes the population to…

These processes and their controls on soil structure and nutrient availability reflect the possible indirect effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth, health and fruit development . Vineyard management practices and production systems that alter the soil environment, and thus may contribute to shaping the microbial community, include: cover crop use, tillage, compost application, and…

Twitching experiments were performed at least three times independently for PD3 and PW with and without BSA and once for XFM with and without BSA.Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the existence of natural competence in bacteria. One explanation is that starvation signals induce competence, and the incoming DNA serves as a nutrient source…

Though coffee is grown in more than 70 countries, the top four producers of coffee supply over 60% of the world’s coffee . These coffee producing countries only consume 30% of the world’s coffee while the remaining 70% is traded internationally. The United States is the highest coffee importing country, followed by Germany and Italy.…

In general, these studies have found that chimpanzees and bonobos develop strategies with the aim to out compete their partners and obtain the most from the social dilemma, either through monopolization of rewards, by waiting for their partner to act before them or by influencing them to change their strategy. Te use of game theory models to…

By contrast, and in accord with our FADS framework and the mixed distribution of FADS haplotypes in European American populations, these participants failed to benefit similarly, regardless of baseline fish intake or baseline CVD risk. Collectively, these data suggest that AfAm populations may benefit from ω-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation, and both ancestry and FADS variability…

One possible explanation for the presence of these species is that the Romans became more engaged in trade with these native people, who had access to local markets and probably also maintained trade relations with northern Sudan. It is also possible that a native desert population lived in Shenshef and, during thelatest occupation period, also…

Microsclerotia never developed within broccoli root Thissues, even 60 days after decapitating plants at the crown. In addition, there was no apparent inhibition of growth of V. dahliae on a medium with broccoli root extracts. This led to the hypothesis that perhaps the reduction in V. dahliae soil populations was caused by the combined effects…