-
It is possible to make an ion-selective electrode without including a transducer electrode
The cavity within the interior of the valinomycin fits potassium ions, and the ions are held there due to their interactions with the ester carbonyl oxygen atoms of the valinomycin molecule. This is what provides selectivity of valinomycin to potassium and allows the reversible exchange of potassium ions with the analyte solution via complexation between…
-
Transgenic technologies provide powerful tools for crop improvement
An identical peristaltic pump pushed deionized water through the flow cell. The in-line sampling protocol was as follows: 1.5 min of flushing the optical cell with water, 1.5 min with water “reference” measurement, 1.5 min of wine flowing through the cell, and 1.5 min of sample measurement. A total of 100 mL of wine is…