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Decision support products based on artificial intelligence are also beginning to emerge on the market
In South Korea, water resources are managed by the Ministry of Environment , 5.3 % of crops are produced in greenhouse environments, and most farms are small scale.These differences play a role in shaping each country’s diverse approach to smart farming solutions.For example, due to economy of scale, larger-sized farms can more easily support the fixed…
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The routes of exposure and their occurrences can be combined in different ways
For public health, the hazard is mostly associated with microorganisms related to waterborne diseases, usually represented by indicators of fecal contamination.In the case of irrigation for agricultural purposes, chemical constituents such as compounds of emerging concern can be absorbed by crops in the irrigation process, with this absorption being greater in foliage and roots than…
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Transitions in farming systems have been particularly rapid in Asia and Africa
Our findings expand on the current perspectives of well being that are found in the environmental sustainability literature, where indicators of well being are often limited to objective measures of social and health outcomes.Our findings suggest that measures of SWB may provide an alternative that is better able to assess both ‘well being’ as a social and…
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The number of dairy cattle owned per household was variable
The present findings contradict with results of Haile et al., who reported that the sale of milk to generate income was the main reason for keeping dairy cattle in Hawassa town.However, our finding is in agreement with the results of Makokha et al., who also reported that milk production for household consumption and cash income was the…
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An average cocoa-based farming household in the study area comprises about seven people
In Southwestern Nigeria, however, farming households’ lack of participation in social groups have overshadowed the effect of improving access to financial resources , which hinges on a complex set of factors.There is still no consensus whether these factors are the farming households’ social-economic characteristics, or forms and strength of social groups, or social capital available to farming…
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The oxidation of HDPE geomembranes can be evaluated through three different stages
CD farmers displayed rather distinctive farming strategies.They cultivated cash crops that simultaneously provided crop residues for feed, and they even grew food crops.This reduced their dependence on the public food distribution system.CD farmers owned some farm machinery and demonstrated the highest level of farm mechanization.They claimed it was an effective strategy to manage the labor…
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Machine learning is also being used in optimizing feed efficiency and energy intake
The administration of additional painkillers during/after disbudding was also more common on organic farms: all but three organic farms provided this additional care option, whereas in half of the conventional farms no analgesic was administered for disbudding . These differences were probably due to the legal standards and the animal friendly management measures prevalent in…
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Fields were subdivided into plots if several crops or intercropping patterns were found in one field
The rationale behind selecting the case studies was to cover the relevant agroecological , agronomic and commercial contexts in which organic agriculture is implemented in SSA. Kenya and Ghana were selected as focal countries for the following reasons: i) in both countries, there is a substantial share of area under organic agriculture, ii) the existence of organic…
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We relate proximity measures to likelihoods to indicate the approximative nature of our approach
Resilience attributes that were discussed in most case studies were “Infrastructure for innovation”, and “Production coupled with local and natural capital”. Resilience attributes related to diversity, policies or connection with actors outside the farming system were least discussed. In SE-Poultry and PL-Horticulture the “Functional diversity” and “Response diversity” was emphasized. In DE-Arable&Mixed, RO-Mixed and to…
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Discussions of smart farming tend to have specific technical developments in mind
Nevertheless, one should be cautious with generalising ResAT findings of a single farming system case. We reason that the CAP’s resilience-enhancing or resilience constraining capabilities are very dependent on the farming system’s characteristics, such as its functions, its regional context and the specific challenges that it faces . For instance, De Veenkoloni¨en faces challenges that are…