Twitching experiments were performed at least three times independently for PD3 and PW with and without BSA and once for XFM with and without BSA.Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the existence of natural competence in bacteria. One explanation is that starvation signals induce competence, and the incoming DNA serves as a nutrient source…

Though coffee is grown in more than 70 countries, the top four producers of coffee supply over 60% of the world’s coffee . These coffee producing countries only consume 30% of the world’s coffee while the remaining 70% is traded internationally. The United States is the highest coffee importing country, followed by Germany and Italy.…

In general, these studies have found that chimpanzees and bonobos develop strategies with the aim to out compete their partners and obtain the most from the social dilemma, either through monopolization of rewards, by waiting for their partner to act before them or by influencing them to change their strategy. Te use of game theory models to…

By contrast, and in accord with our FADS framework and the mixed distribution of FADS haplotypes in European American populations, these participants failed to benefit similarly, regardless of baseline fish intake or baseline CVD risk. Collectively, these data suggest that AfAm populations may benefit from ω-3 long-chain PUFA supplementation, and both ancestry and FADS variability…

One possible explanation for the presence of these species is that the Romans became more engaged in trade with these native people, who had access to local markets and probably also maintained trade relations with northern Sudan. It is also possible that a native desert population lived in Shenshef and, during thelatest occupation period, also…

Microsclerotia never developed within broccoli root Thissues, even 60 days after decapitating plants at the crown. In addition, there was no apparent inhibition of growth of V. dahliae on a medium with broccoli root extracts. This led to the hypothesis that perhaps the reduction in V. dahliae soil populations was caused by the combined effects…

Its use for tempering building materials could be demonstrated for the Roman quarry settlement Mons Claudianus, also located in the Eastern Desert, about 400 km north of Berenike. This specific use is evidenced in Mons Claudianus by the analysis of wall plaster and mud bricks, while an ostrakon confirms the delivery of chaff . The ostraka…

The large-scale transoceanic pepper trade is also supported by the large ships that sailed to the ports of Limyrikê , where black pepper could be obtained . Only 1percent of all peppercorns originate from Shenshef. These peppercorns were scattered in several middens, were all preserved by desiccation, and can be considered as specimens that got…

Although not on a regular scale, such aberrant fruits are also found in Egyptian markets and originate from Sudan. Seeds of the doam palm are made into beads. Strands of beads consisting of colored figs and whole as well as sliced seeds of the doam palm are currently offered for sale. Yet another use is…

The caper bush is a successful invader of fields and is capable of producing flowering specimens even after a couple of weeks. Dealing with vegetable gardening, Pliny describes the cultivation of caper in sandy plots that have been hollowed out and surrounded by stone walls to prevent the invasion into other fields. In Berenike and Shenshef, the…