This can be explained by the fact that urbanization has led to the establishment of infrastructure for the storage of animals consisting of huts and pens with one or two rooms . These pens and huts are either open or closed with a bare floor. In these dwellings, the feeders and drinkers are often made of salvaged materials. These results are identical to those of , who state that the existing sheep pens are basic and limited to a fence with a few feeders. There is no sheepfold with a roof and a well-arranged opening capable of protecting the animals from bad weather and animal theft.The survey indicated that the majority of farmers distributed natural fodder as a staple, compared to 4.80% who distributed agro-industrial products as a staple. Also, among them, 66.7% distributed agro-industrial products, household waste, peanut bark and cooking or licking salt as supplements. This could be justified by the fact that sheep fattening is the activity most practiced by the farmers. For herders,ebb and flow tray feeding is done less and less or not at all on the rangelands to minimize theft and sudden death of animals.

They have more recourse to the practice of distributing feed to the animals. In this system, family fattening is practiced by agro-breeders in rural areas . The animals’ diet is based on crop residues and natural fodder. These results corroborate those of , who confirm that fattening makes the best use of crop and household residues. According to them, this type of livestock farming generates substantial income needed to pay for health care, schooling for children and the daily needs of the family.The animals are then supplemented with bran, agro-industrial products, but also with kitchen waste and salt or lick stone. In addition, 64% of the farmers distribute the feed three times a day. These results are different from those of .According to their results, the rate of feed distribution was on average twice a day. It occupies a prominent place in development and poverty reduction strategies in these countries. In Benin, poultry production continues to increase and there are two types of poultry farming:Traditional poultry farming and commercial poultry farming . The poultry livestock is estimated in 2017 at 19,830,000 traditional poultry and 813,000 improved poultry .

This livestock has increased to the present day due to the boom in peri-urban poultry farming and the increase need for animal protein. However, the current production methods, introduced many risk factors considerably and the poultry industry performance is hampered by several health obstacles, among which the avian pathologies of which the dominant ones are: Newcastle disease, Gumboro disease, chronic respiratory disease,ebb and flow trays coccidiosis,colibacillosis, and salmonellosis . The latter two are the main bacterial pathologies affecting laying hens farming and are one of mortality causes and economic losses in the poultry industry . Faced with these pathologies, the means of the struggle of farmers rely essentially on antibiotic therapy which consists of the use synthetic antibiotics. However, the excessive use of Antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-resistant strains of Salmonella and Escherichiacoli in poultry farms.

This multidrug resistance phenomenon is becoming a public health problem because previous studies indicate that among pathogenic microorganisms most commonly found in food, poultry products include Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains.Thus, these strains gradually acquired the major antibiotic resistance genes used both in veterinary and human medicine, leaving the prospect of a therapeutic impasse for the most severe infections . As a result, antimicrobial resistance has become a major concern worldwide and it’s important to find new molecules who can ensure satisfactory substitution of synthetic antibiotics. Thus, medicinal plants represent a significant source of new drugs, especially since they have fewer side effects . The present study aim is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Aeollanthus pubescens on multi-resistant strains of Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated in laying hen farming in Department of Atlantique.