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An average cocoa-based farming household in the study area comprises about seven people
In Southwestern Nigeria, however, farming households’ lack of participation in social groups have overshadowed the effect of improving access to financial resources , which hinges on a complex set of factors.There is still no consensus whether these factors are the farming households’ social-economic characteristics, or forms and strength of social groups, or social capital available to farming…
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The oxidation of HDPE geomembranes can be evaluated through three different stages
CD farmers displayed rather distinctive farming strategies.They cultivated cash crops that simultaneously provided crop residues for feed, and they even grew food crops.This reduced their dependence on the public food distribution system.CD farmers owned some farm machinery and demonstrated the highest level of farm mechanization.They claimed it was an effective strategy to manage the labor…
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Machine learning is also being used in optimizing feed efficiency and energy intake
The administration of additional painkillers during/after disbudding was also more common on organic farms: all but three organic farms provided this additional care option, whereas in half of the conventional farms no analgesic was administered for disbudding . These differences were probably due to the legal standards and the animal friendly management measures prevalent in…
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Organic cultivation systems may provide beneficial solutions to current problems affecting the soil microbiome
SDSS for agricultural applications is quite complex; it requires knowledge from various multidisciplinary areas, such as crop agronomy, computer hardware and software, mathematics, and statistics. For example, to understand crop growth, it is necessary to know how many variables affect crop growth, how each variable affects crop growth? Each crop requires a different optimum value…
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Fields were subdivided into plots if several crops or intercropping patterns were found in one field
The rationale behind selecting the case studies was to cover the relevant agroecological , agronomic and commercial contexts in which organic agriculture is implemented in SSA. Kenya and Ghana were selected as focal countries for the following reasons: i) in both countries, there is a substantial share of area under organic agriculture, ii) the existence of organic…
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The issue of the profitability of farming is significant in terms of distributive justice
Nonetheless, Valio, for instance, is doing a lot of work to identify better methods for the use of agricultural peatlands. Ultimately, however, public policy guidance is urgently needed. According to our study, the key justice issues in the transition to carbon-neutral farming relate to the profitability of farming, the distribution of blame in society, and…
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We relate proximity measures to likelihoods to indicate the approximative nature of our approach
Resilience attributes that were discussed in most case studies were “Infrastructure for innovation”, and “Production coupled with local and natural capital”. Resilience attributes related to diversity, policies or connection with actors outside the farming system were least discussed. In SE-Poultry and PL-Horticulture the “Functional diversity” and “Response diversity” was emphasized. In DE-Arable&Mixed, RO-Mixed and to…
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Discussions of smart farming tend to have specific technical developments in mind
Nevertheless, one should be cautious with generalising ResAT findings of a single farming system case. We reason that the CAP’s resilience-enhancing or resilience constraining capabilities are very dependent on the farming system’s characteristics, such as its functions, its regional context and the specific challenges that it faces . For instance, De Veenkoloni¨en faces challenges that are…
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Evidence on credit constraints and production efficiency is equally strong
The contract included all the attributes of T2 and added the provision of inputs, on loan, from ESOP. The contract stipulated the amount of seed and fertilizer to be provided as well as the price for the inputs. At the end of the season, the total cost of inputs provided would be deducted from the price paid…
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Agriculture used traditional techniques for cultivation of crops
Two-step cluster analysis suggested four clusters, and the flexibility of this method allowed us to explore cluster solutions from three up to seven. We decided to retain four-cluster solution because cluster solutions above four were not excellent, as they had overall silhouette measures of cluster cohesion and separation values of ≤ 0.7 . The sample size,…