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Such studies are needed to definitively establish weather size is important
A problem in conducting realistic toxicity studies is the likely transformation of the free particles into homo or heteroaggregates or even organic complexes in the real environment. There have been few studies that investigated the impact of size across a wide range of systematically varied particle sizes within a single study.On the other hand coating…
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Copper detoxification seems to be linked to mechanisms that bind Cu to molecular thiol groups
Underdeveloped feed value chains dominated by artisanal and small-scale producers are also important constraints to feed development in LMIC. Fig. 1 shows a typical LMIC feed value chain with emphasis on the weakest linkages that need development and the strongest ones that need to be enhanced. The feed value chains in LMIC are characterized by: limited…
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The resulting product is an ethyl or methyl ester and crude glycerin
The fraction of the adsorbed NO that is reduced depends on the temperature and the flow rate of N2 gas. Fig.10 shows the fraction of the desorbed NO integrated over the temperatures as the temperatures of the carbon bed was raised. As can be seen, the fraction of the total NO desorbed as NO reaches…
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The rising food prices strongly affected access to food by the poor
Among the studies on LSLAs and land grabbing, an alternative hypothesis has developed: what if the main driver of the contemporary global land rush were the need for water rather than for land? . Dell’Angelo et al. have described a “global water grabbing syndrome” to take into account the increasing dynamics of freshwater appropriation occurring as…
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The rice genome was partitioned into a set of coherent classes in a two-step process
First, the epigenomic datasets were used to infer a small set of chromatin states. Then, in a second step, these states were intersected with transcriptomic and annotation data to generate a more nuanced global classification. The first step employed a hidden Markov modeller ChromHMM to binarize chromatin signals and produce alow-resolution map of chromatin states across…
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Attention should focus on shaping the view of plants as essential tools for understanding cell biology in general
The online infrastructure should include a list of reporter lines that are valuable for cell-type/cluster annotation of single-cell RNA sequencing data and gold-standard datasets for teaching and developing new methods.Finally, the database should incorporate cell-type marker genes and their corresponding orthologs, expressologs, and matches across species, synteny maps of good markers, and a repository to…
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This lack of mass reduction may be attributed to the time duration allotted to lunar food production
This benefit results from reducing the launch mass cost of complete nitrous oxide –hydrocarbon propellant delivery.However, as described in §S3, the overall mass and time costs render nitrous oxide –hydrocarbon bio-manufacture impractical for now.It is expected that near-future space synthetic biology efforts on methanogenic bacteria will concentrate on minimizing nutrient use and improving bioreactor nutrient…
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The initial conditions for water flow were defined using the observed pressure heads
The input parameters for the solute transport part of Hydrus- 1D are required to characterize the three main sets of processes: solute transport, solute reactions/transformations, and root solute uptake.The solute transport parameters were considered using the following values: the molecular diffusion coefficients in free water for NH4 +–N and NO3 −–N were 1.52 and 1.64 cm2…
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Celery seedlings were-obtained from a commercial nursery and planted in two rows per bed
The distance between centers of each bed was 1 m. Three row spacings were used for each treatment. Bi-wall drip irrigation tubing was placed on the soil surface down the center of each bed equidistant from each celery row. The soil-applied fertilizer was placed approximately 5 em below the soil surface, immediately below the drip line. All of…
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National priorities for food security shaped policies and institutions for public procurement
The term includes learning costs, transaction costs, physical investment costs and artificial costs created by oligopolistic firms, such as rewards for loyalty. In all these cases, the focus is on consumer switching costs, although the customers may also be firms that are purchasing equipment or other inputs from supplier firms. The latter case is most relevant…