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All observations were conducted by the same individual to avoid sampling biases
AM was defined as being between the hours of 9:30–11:30, Mid-Day as between 11:30–13:30, and PM as between 13:30–15:30.Also recorded at each observation period were approximate number of blooms, and wind and temperature simultaneously . Bees were not netted for later identification as we did not want to interfere with visitation to starthistle during this…
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How Do Plastic Planter Pots Drain
Plastic planter pots typically have drainage holes at the bottom to allow excess water to escape. Here’s how the drainage process works in plastic planter pots: Proper drainage is crucial for the health of your plants in plastic planter pots. It helps maintain the right moisture level in the soil and prevents root suffocation due…
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Elevated CO2 may alleviate the harmful effects of elevated O3 concentrations on plants
California agriculture has developed considerably more water-efficient rice production than the worldwide average. Because of shallower water submergence and better management, California rice is estimated to require 1080 liters of water per kilogram of rice . Incentives to increase water use efficiency must be considered. California’s water system will adapt to future population growth and…
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The production of water for agriculture requires an enormous amount of energy
We aimed to investigate: the effects of different management practices on the soil microbial community, the relationship between soil physicochemical and biochemical properties and the microbial community structure, and the most sustainable management system to promote a more abundant microbial community. The application of oat straw to soil has increased the organic carbon content and, as a consequence,…
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Addresses may also be subject to misclassification due to data entry errors
In a subset of the children for whom all three types of addresses were all available for analysis, we found generally higher point estimates using diagnosis address compared to those estimated using LexisNexis addresses. However, among children for whom we did not have LexisNexis addresses available, we observed the strongest effect estimates based on birth…
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Gestational age and birth weights are the two most commonly used measures for perinatal health
A recent study of Chinese bulbuls , for example, showed that the proportion of anthropogenic material in nests increased with degree of urbanization. The potential fitness consequences and adaptive significance of this adjustment, however, were not examined. Herein, we examine the occurrence, types, landscape associations, and consequences of anthropogenic nest material in the American crow…
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The beneficial effects of soil aggregation for plant growth have long been established
The effect of differential oxygen inhibition in the exterior of aggregates is however secondary to the effect of diffusive mass transfer limitation in creating the observed gradients in reduced selenium. This is evidenced by the similarity in reduced selenium gradients observed under anoxic and oxic conditions. Another effect of oxygen is that by enabling aerobic…
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Agricultural groundwater banking must be approached with caution
To reflect the mixing of soil horizons in the calculation of the deep percolation factor, the depth-weighted average of Ksat for the entire soil profile was used in place of the lowest Ksat for each profile. We reduced the deep percolation factor rating for soils with claypans by 20% to reflect the risk that modified…
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High GV fields were as likely to align in trajectory with wind direction as were low GV fields
The average slopes from 2013 and 2015 were 0.86 and 0.70 μm of water vapor per meter of field respectively.The two dates of imagery showed slightly different spatial trends of water vapor. In 2013, water vapor showed a clear increasing trend from southwest to northeast. This trend was significant enough that it outweighed the modest…
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The regression coefficients are computed only from data in the training period
We compute MAE as the average absolute distance between estimated temperatures and their corresponding ground truth values. Finally, we evaluate the efficacy of smoothing the training data prior to performing regression. We investigate rolling mean, minimum, and median smoothing methods. In our experiments, rolling mean produces the smallest error for the datasets we investigate. We…