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The harvesting cost calculated as a lump sum is lower in the SA season
The wide application of the super-efficiency method included sensitivity testing, identification of outliers, and a method for overcoming the bounded range problem in the second stage of linear regression.Hence, instead of the Tobit regression, we can use standard ordinary least squares regression methods in the next stage.In paddy production, the reduction strategy of inputs will not always…
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Pleiotropic effects are often inferred where strong genetic correlations exist between traits
The genetic architecture of traits and trait responses is recognized as a key regulator of intraspecific variation in plant responses to environmental change . Patterns of G × E are sometimes attributed to architectural aspects such as pleiotropy, differential sensitivity and non-additive effects. Pleiotropy occurs when a single gene affects two apparently unrelated phenotypic traits. Differential…
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One-fourth of an acre of farmland is harvested on average
We collected UCCE expenditure budget data by county offices for the years 1992 through 2012. Some counties in California have a shared budget allocation with another county; such counties include Humboldt and Del Norte, Inyo and Mono, Placer and Nevada, Plumas and Sierra, Sutter and Yuba, Shasta and Trinity, and San Mateo and San Francisco.…
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Farming experience enhances farmers’ understanding of the impacts of climate change on crop production
The indicators for physical capital are represented by means of irrigation, distance to the agricultural office, and main road accessibility during monsoon season.In several studies, access to irrigation has been considered as an important factor in adapting to climatic changes.With access to irrigation facilities, farmers can grow multiple crops throughout the year, which enhances their…
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Decision support products based on artificial intelligence are also beginning to emerge on the market
In South Korea, water resources are managed by the Ministry of Environment , 5.3 % of crops are produced in greenhouse environments, and most farms are small scale.These differences play a role in shaping each country’s diverse approach to smart farming solutions.For example, due to economy of scale, larger-sized farms can more easily support the fixed…
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The routes of exposure and their occurrences can be combined in different ways
For public health, the hazard is mostly associated with microorganisms related to waterborne diseases, usually represented by indicators of fecal contamination.In the case of irrigation for agricultural purposes, chemical constituents such as compounds of emerging concern can be absorbed by crops in the irrigation process, with this absorption being greater in foliage and roots than…
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Transitions in farming systems have been particularly rapid in Asia and Africa
Our findings expand on the current perspectives of well being that are found in the environmental sustainability literature, where indicators of well being are often limited to objective measures of social and health outcomes.Our findings suggest that measures of SWB may provide an alternative that is better able to assess both ‘well being’ as a social and…
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Extension visits were only significant in explaining poverty reductions among non-irrigators
Blackmore et al.have reported a negative influence of seasonal farming on vulnerability to poverty and food insecurity, confirming the results of this study.For non-participation in irrigation farming, the result shows a positive and significant effect on alleviating the poverty status of rural households.This is expected because farmers who do not irrigate and only practice seasonal farming are…
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The number of dairy cattle owned per household was variable
The present findings contradict with results of Haile et al., who reported that the sale of milk to generate income was the main reason for keeping dairy cattle in Hawassa town.However, our finding is in agreement with the results of Makokha et al., who also reported that milk production for household consumption and cash income was the…
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An average cocoa-based farming household in the study area comprises about seven people
In Southwestern Nigeria, however, farming households’ lack of participation in social groups have overshadowed the effect of improving access to financial resources , which hinges on a complex set of factors.There is still no consensus whether these factors are the farming households’ social-economic characteristics, or forms and strength of social groups, or social capital available to farming…