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GO term enrichment analysis is another method by which the location of QTL can be validated
The presence of phosphate has a well documented impact on the availability of both Fe and P to graminaceous plants, as they interact to form insoluble complexes in the soil . It is possible that the ability to take up iron under high phosphorus conditions has been unintentionally bred into the accessions in Group 2. Many…
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We revisited the subcellular localization of CBL4 and CBL10 in different assay systems
The addition of Al slightly reduced the elongation of roots both with and without a cap-like structure, and the degree in the reduction was larger in structure-less roots . In the absence of Al, the removal of a cap-like structure hardly decreased the root elongation, although it slightly increased the occurrence of root bending .…
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Seed lectin genes of both pea and soybean are expressed at low levels in roots
To help confirm the spatial expression pattern of the soluble lectin genes in indeterminate nodules, we examined white sweet clover roots and nodules. This legume appears to have only a single copy of a putative seed lectin gene, termed MaLEC . This contrasts with alfalfa and Medicago truncatula, each of which has three different LEC genes . In white sweet clover…
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Various types of greenhouse gas reducing offset projects exist
It is a sector with significant greenhouse gas emissions and sinks that is not otherwise regulated by the cap and trade program. One offset program already takes advantage of this opportunity by issuing offset credits for capturing and destroying methane from dairies and swine farms using particular manure management systems.Another opportunity for an agricultural-related offset…
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A varimax rotation was then applied to the retained components
The existing conservation planning program Zonation , with its predefined benefit functions, could be particularly useful for utility maximization problems. Further similarities between the utility maximization approach and Zonation include the ability to incorporate several important data inputs including benefit, threat, and cost data; an iterative heuristic similar to our greedy heuristic; and a built…
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Digitized agriculture and food systems also require a digitally-skilled workforce
Socioeconomic constraints can also stand in the way. Gulati et al. , for example, report low adoption of mechanical rice transplanters in India due to women’s weak bargaining position in the household decision making process. Mechanization is often associated with a reduced demand for labor. In theory, the impact of mechanization on labor demand and…
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Disruptive politics thus provide the most favorable conditions for reform
Similarly, the factors that contribute to the outsized influence of farmer power can help explain why some areas of policy are harder to reform than others. Finally, the story of the decline of farmers speaks to the politics of managing major social transformations and provides lessons for how such a transition can be executed with…
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Preserving the CAP budget was the necessary price for direct payment equalization
At the time of the 2013 CAP negotiations, the Doha Round was stalled. This time, however, the negotiations were failing in multiple sectors and agriculture, though one of the points of trouble, was not to blame for delaying the successful conclusion of the entire round. Perhaps most importantly, the CAP was not a sticking point…
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The CAP was also under pressure from international trade negotiations
More problematic was that the compromise reached and approved by the Agricultural Council exceeded the spending limits the Economic and Financial Affairs Council proposed for the CAP by €7 billion. In the final agreement on this compromise within the Agricultural Council, Portugal was outvoted and France issued a reserve d’attente23 on the grounds that the financial problems…