Not only that farmers did not know the role of bees but the role played by other pollinators  to help crops getting better yields for most of crops they grow remain largely unknown . In fact 75% of males and 50% of female respondents neither agreed nor disagreed with statement number 11, meaning that they were not sure or certain, probably the information was new to them. Similarly, most farmers disagreed equally  with the statement number 12  indicating that “sunbirds and bats visitations to flowers of crops like coffee could lead to higher fruit set of coffee through reduction by eating crop pests  and through pollination of coffee flowers”. When asked if “planting shading trees along coffee farms could contribute to increased coffee yield”, 53 of males and 49 of females respondents agreed with the statement 19 although there was no significant difference related to the gender . However, there was a significant difference between men and women who neither agreed/disagreed that planting shading trees along coffee farms could contribute to increase coffee yields. “

Coffee being a male crop” in central Uganda, some 8 female farmers were not sure of if shading of coffee trees could increase coffee yield, whereas most men agreed that shading can increase coffee yield in the pro-portion of 10 to 35%. When asked if sun coffee could yield better than shade coffee, most males and females  disagreed with the statement 20 , meaning that they believed that shading coffee could lead to better yield better than sun coffee . During discussion with farmers, compared to females, male respondents frequently offered an explanation and definition of the world “pollination”. Because the pro-portion of males and females who knew how pollinators were important in crop yield increase was low and gen-der biased,vertical grow rack the researcher though that such information could not be acquired in the traditional fashion of knowledge transmission. Therefore, several factors were suspected to likely contributing to pollination knowledge. Around 12 factors were selected as important drivers of such knowledge. In order to explore their effects, data was collected such as for each variable, two values could be obtained . These factors included, age, gender, level of education, exposure to extension service etc. Several hypotheses were therefore constructed for selecting variables to include in the model according to the objective of the study which was to determine the level of knowledge of pollination and pollination mechanisms and its importance to crop productivity among small- scale holders.

For example, education was chosen as an independent factor as it was hypothesized that people who spent much time at school are likely to be aware of what is pollination because they may have learnt it from school or they do reading or listening to radio or watch televisions. Age, gender and farming experience were also seen as likely factors influencing the knowledge of pollination. It was also assumed that knowledge of nectar/ pollen collection by bees on coffee flowers could be a prerequisite to knowledge about pollination. It was also thought that respondents who had regular contact with extensions services could be able to know what the word pollination meant because extension workers are well trained in pollination issues and therefore assumed that they may bring such information to farmers. Vanilla is a cash crop that is well cultivated in central Uganda, and it involves hand pollination.Therefore, farmers who grew Vanilla were likely to know what pollination was because they are always involved in hand pollination business. The number of years already spent farming coffee was judged to be an important factor since farmers who grow coffee tend to have or seek for general information about coffee growing and productivity maintenance over times. These farmers regularly visit the national agricultural research institutes of Uganda where scientists are likely to be able to communicate to them the word pollination.