This can be caused by not closing the system properly, sensor failure, or a node failure. This piece of code runs on the local server which is independent of all the electronics that are responsible for the operation of the system. This means that a failure in the electronic components controlling the system will not cause these messages to be disrupted. The alert messages are achieved using a Pushbullet API and are supported by Domoticz, shown in Fig. 5. These messages can be configured to be sent to the Pushbullet application on a mobile device or a desktop machineData analysis was done using the logs that were kept by the Domoitcz software. Each log is updated constantly and demonstrates the values that were reached each day. The air temperature log in Fig. 6 shows the progression of temperature from 24°C to 20°C as the day turns into night. Fig. 7shows the amount of time the lights were ON and at what time they switched state . This is needed to make sure that the plant is getting the optimal amount of lighting. The water log keeps track of the water temperature that the plant is sitting in, shown in Fig. 8. The pH log shows the change in pH levels over time. As the plant consumes more and more nutrients from the water the pH value increases. Shown in Fig. 10. This is because of the acidic nature of the nutrients.Each log is important in making sure that the controlling actions are keeping all parameters at optimal levels and aids in making sure that the plant flourishes. Part of the analysis for this project was through the comparison of a plant within the system and a plant outside the system.

The status of both plants was monitored over the period of four weeks. Pictures were taken 3 times per week to show the difference in growth. What was concluded from this analysis was that the plant within the system grew better than the plant outside the system. This was seen through factors such as the color of the leaves, the size of the plant, vertical grow rack and the length of the stems. Fig. 10 demonstrates the difference between the growth of the plants. The image also shows the prior mentioned factors that were considered when judging the plants’ health.In this method the high nutrients containing water is fed to hydroponic culture plants, containing bacteria for the conversion of animals excrete waste into nutrients. The type of food that will grow, complexity, and growth rate depend on the nature of aquaculture. There are various benefits of using the aquaponics system as compare to the conventional plants growing mechanism e.g. it faster-growing process, require no soil, it can grow at any location and require comparatively less space, seasonal change does not affect plant growth, little and or no requirement of herbicides and pesticides, plants remain protected against different diseases. Aquaculture is the technique of breeding aquatic plants and animals using several methodologies, experiences, and techniques. There is continuous monitoring of biological, chemical, physical that not only predict the negative condition of aquaculture but also avoid the degradation that can cause the failure of the production process. The variables that can monitor in this system are temperature, oxygen, pH, ammonia etc., that have vital importance to control an aquaculture process.

Different technologies that can provide support in this system and several well organized sensors, the wireless networks that work on the monitoring region can collect, transmit the process the information to the controlling system. This system is getting importance over time. Similarly, there are different controlling parameters in the hydroponic system as well that are consist of water level, nutrient container, intensity of artificial light, pH adjustment solution, ionic conductivity, etc. The value of all these parameters must be monitored and controlled with the help of the Internet of Things , also these parameters must be correlated, processed and analyzed with the help of artificial intelligence , machine learning, deep learning for effective handling. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. Some related works are summarized in section 2. Our proposed architecture and implementation of the prototype are presented in section 3. And finally the last section consists to present the conclusion and perspectives of our work.The emergence of Internet of Things  has reached the agricultural process in form of hydroponic and aquaponics systems. Monitoring and control of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, flow rate, the light intensity, the ammonia level, nitrite, nitrate, can be performed using IoT. So, there is an extensive literature study that is available to implement IoT in hydroponic and aquaponic systems. The research proposed by have presented a smart aquaponics system design that could control and monitor essential aquaponics parameters: degree of acidity, water level, water temperature, and fish feed that are viewed with the internet-based mobile application. The authors have designed an IoT based aquaponics monitoring system that measures and controls parameters like oxygen level, Ph level, temperature, etc., by recording various parameters in real-time settings.

NodeMcu is used in this architecture to collect data from the sensors and deliver them to a web server.Have designed a monitoring, controlling system for the IoT based aquaponic system via a web interface. This research measures and displays three parameters, which are pH value, temperature and water level. The proposed work uses Web Socket protocol to transfer information, provides secure connections to the server, and keeps the system running in real-time.This design uses the Internet of Things to monitor and control the environment continuously. IoT part comprises microcontrollers and microprocessors to process data generated by connected objects .Agriculture has always been an essential part of human life and has always been one of the pillars of economic activity. Issues related to this area are grouped into: food sufficiency for a high-growth population and climate change are of major concern. We begin with a global rise in the earth’s temperature, which involves droughts, floods, and other events that are more random than frequent. Because of climatic conditions and lack of rain, the reduction in the amount of water intended for watering is of significant importance; hydroponics consume 20% of water compared to traditional agriculture. Production of food all year round to reduce the hunger rate. According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018, the number of hungry people is 821 million, or 1 in 9, the enormous numbers in Asia: 515 million and in Africa: $256.5 million. The Internet of Things has integrated the agriculture sector; its main purpose is to organize the different sensors like the temperature sensor, the pH level. The architectures proposed in this context differ according to their components and their level of complexity. We will define hydroponic and aquaponic systems present some architectures in the hydroponic and aquaponic system to pull the different sensors and actuators proposed that constitute the hardware part and the software part.

The least 30 years ago, specific importance was accorded to aquaponic farming. The different nature of species and their adaptation in the environment propose a considerable difficulty to the research in the academic sector and the commercial. Several conditions exist to be harmony and equilibrium in the system, like biological and physicochemical. Basically, aquaponic farming is an alternative agricultural method. According to, this method referred to use water, a specific quantity of fertilizers, to make the aquaponic system green and sustainable. Thorough research for commercial solutions by clarifying the liaison between sensors and every parameter serves to supervise and automate the system. Propose [10] a cloud-based IoT to measure the different parameters and upload the data treatments to ThingSpeak™ through Wi-Fi. The benefit added by them is a real-time alarm system for indicating abnormalities also a periodic regression analysis. The rapid urbanization in global countries over the low local food and land scarcity like Indonesia,propose a Smart Grorwbox; their objective is optimizing the agricultural product by applying the various technologies the system can be work into modes automatic and manual. In another research, with a smartphone mobile application applied by using the Internet of Things , the farmer can control the level of ammonia, temperature, pH and nutrients. For the home environment , propose an innovative and sustainable system, including various sensors and actuators and a microcontroller with internet connectivity to monitor and control all systems. The mobile application is created with Blynk, which is an IoT platform for hardware control and data analysis.Green revolution since the past few decades has increased the production of daily used food crops. Foods that were rich in protein and cheap in price were a demand for the poor living in developing countries . In this regard, pulses were found more versatile and appealing in providing protein rich diets, vertical grow table easy cultivation, long time storage and low price. Mungbean  also called green gram is an important summer-growing, pulse crop in Pakistan . The unique and common feature of mungbean is the root nodules that contain aerobic bacteria called rhizobia which fix atmospheric nitrogen in the root and thus enhance soil fertility.

As far as medical applications are concerned mung beans are used in the prevention of cancer and are also known to exhibit antimicrobial and insecticidal activities . Among other essential parameters, appropriate supply of micro-nutrients is also essential for proper growth and yield of crops. Their deficiency in soil is a large and growing problem in the developing world . When micro-nutrients become limited, water, fertilizers and other high-energy production inputs may be wasted. In Pakistan zinc scarcity in soil is the first most widespread problem. In the KPK  province of Pakistan the extent of zinc deficient soils ranges from 21% to 77%. 42% of agricultural fields of Mansehra and Swat have zinc deficiency. On average 37% of fields are deficient in zinc . Zinc deficiency in plants affect photosynthesis due to altered chloroplast pigments . The most visible zinc deficiency symptoms are short internodes and a decrease in leaf size and delayed maturity. Hydroponics is the growing of plants without soil in nutrient solutions . Although it is not adopted on a large scale yet it is favored owing to its controlled conditions of nutrient availability for plant growth. Hydroponics technology can be adopted extensively for studies including nutrient uptake and their effect on interactions with other available nutrients . In this regard a simple sand holding system was developed and used for the study of zinc effect on physiochemical parameters of mung bean plants which would help to establish an effective dose of zinc for mung bean varieties cultivated in various regions of KPK, Pakistan.Rice  is the third most important crop in Malaysia and most widely consumed food for more than 557 million people in Southeast Asia . Global rice yield needs to enhance 0.6 t ha−1 over the next decade to feed growing populations . Weed infestations are recognized as a serious biological constraint to rice production in both lowland and upland ecosystems .

Weed growth has been recognized to reduce grain yield of rice by 16–100%, depending on the method of rice establishment and the season . Thus, weed management plays an important role in the global rice production. The utilization of herbicides has increased over the recent years due to the high cost of labor for weed removal and the lack of appropriate weed control alternatives . However, the constant use of chemical herbicides has led to the resistance development in weed species. It also has negative effects on both the environment and human . Hence, it is essential to replace agrochemicals with natural products to achieve sustainable agriculture. In this relation, scientists have tried to invert the trend of reliance on chemical weed managements through developing effective natural herbicides . Allelopathy exploitation is one of the alternative methods. Allelopathy is a very sophisticated mechanism of plant defense. It has been defined as any direct or indirect effect of one plant on the survival, growth, and reproduction of another . Allelopathy can be employed as environmentally sustainable methods for weed management in sustainable agriculture systems . Many studies have been conducted using allelopathic plants for managing weed species. Irrigation with aqueous extracts of Inula crithmoïdes leaves caused a total inhibition of 27, 18 and 67% for the seedling length of lettuce, radish and thistle, respectively . Allelopathy activity of four medicinal plants  significantly suppressed the growth of rice weeds .