The participants had a sense of identity.Rich green space in residential area and residential building space structure such as balcony, roof, lead to the diversity of productive agricultural landscape implementation field in realistic applications should be according to the target audience demand, technology, and an organic combination of crop varieties, positioning function of the city, for the productive agricultural landscape presentation layout and production purpose effectively and build the safe, efficient and sustainable urban productive agricultural landscape.The productive agricultural landscape has been carefully designed to meet the residents’ long-standing desire to strengthen land connections and help to unite the residents. Based on the experience of Europe, the United States, the rise of China’s middle class is inevitable, they have the economic ability, safety is their common needs, they are eager to return to the wild, participation and management process of farming, contribute to the safety of the agricultural productive landscape output, through the “participatory certification”, consumers to grow their own agricultural products, without any organic certification, no one will doubt its safety, residents here as a producer, naturally formed a kind of supervision, to be able to build agricultural production and consumer trust. Through a community of mutual widely naturalized in agriculture, farmers market, sightseeing agriculture, consumer involvement, village owner can be tube in the owners’ committee and with the help of the small green ecological renovation, composed of a single grass, trees, in the past, to switch to fruits and vegetables, form citizen organic co-op, who to agricultural cooperatives, who enjoy the rebates and rights and interests of the many.In addition to implementing productive agricultural landscape transformation in the land area of residential areas, we should seek for a way out of three-dimensional green space, turn the roofs of urban residents into vegetable gardens and balconies of residential buildings into planting landscape, and integrate relevant technologies of three-dimensional green construction of urban residential buildings into a new urban agricultural culture industry.
Multi-level development at the top of the building space, in the idle to develop agriculture in the roof, not only cool and heat insulation effect is good, but can purify air, improve local microclimate, also can enrich the urban pitching landscape, less bare concrete,square plastic pot can compensate for building green ground, greatly improving the city’s green coverage rate. With a rooftop garden of about 30 square meters, a family of three can afford to eat their own food every year during the vegetable season. “Kodo Farm Model” founded by Song Zhiyuan in Chengdu, aims to turn the outer walls of city buildings into layers of vegetable gardens. Open the door of the balcony, you can see the green organic fruits and vegetables at first sight. In the Kodo farm model, the racks are not simply stacked, but layered and divided into species. For example, chickens can be raised under the vegetable rack on the first floor, pond fish can be dug in the open space in front of the building, vegetable leaves can be fed to chickens, and chicken manure can be used to raise fish, with no recycling emissions and no public hazard in the whole process. Not only can you enjoy fresh green vegetables, but you can also enjoy high-quality chicken and fish.In addition, the area that housetop farm garden can rest for him, friend, exchange, admire, still be the recreational place of old person, child and popular science class, build gave relaxed and harmonious environment, decorated resident community environment not only, more added dimensional colour, let a person heart got loosen. It is helpful for children to find out more secrets of growth in the process of planting, effectively cultivate children’s creativity and discovery power, in addition to experiencing life, but also let them know the hard-won food.Traditional residential landscape takes sightseeing as its main purpose, while productive agricultural landscape pays more attention to people’s active participation and experience in addition to its unique farming and output functions. Farmland, orchard, vegetable garden to harvest, in the process of plant growth, can also be developed for urban farming culture, folk custom performance, children learn to provide places, such as expanding the function of the urban residential area landscape, into the educational agriculture, experiential agriculture, let the children to participate in, to understand the ecological organic agriculture, have the effect of popular science education; Ecological restaurants can be set up in cities to eat 100 percent of farm products, so that customers can taste and consume seasonal food instead of food that is transported over a long distance and has multiple freshness. Every year, a planting festival and a harvest festival are held on the campus of Shenyang Jianzhu University.The harvested grain is packed in bags of “golden rice”, which is not only sold in the school cafeteria, but also given to visitors as a souvenir. Now “golden rice” has become the school’s status symbol.
Based on residential agricultural parks, we will explore ways to build an agricultural industry chain, build a new urban pastoral front integrating planting, sightseeing and education, provide the nearest place for consumption, tourism and natural experience, and constantly improve the economic and social efficiency of productive agricultural landscape.Climate change and the loss of farmland caused by human activities will bring more floods, rainstorms, droughts, diseases, extinctions of plants and animals, and threats to human existence. Productive agricultural landscape in the city, through the design gimmick of the adjust measures to local conditions, the maximum use of scientific planting technology, the implementation of production and supply of food at the same time, play for the sustainable development of urban ecological restoration and the farming area, the utilization of rainwater collection and microbial fermentation technology, improve the ability of self purification of the city, the use of natural plant nutrient solution of production and the method of some physical prevention and control plant diseases and insect pests, and through crop rotation, intercropping, diversification, lie fallow, pursue overall ecosystem diversity of the farm, as far as possible to reduce damage to the ecological environment.In Japan, cultivars of garden pea are performed mainly under greenhouse conditions in largescale. In Wakayama Prefecture, one of the major regions of pea cultivation in Japan, the growing season of pea generally ranges from late autumn to the next early spring, corresponding to relatively warm winter conditions in this region. Flowering period in this case ranges continuously from December to the next March. Pods were harvested after maturation also continuously until about May. One of the serious problems in this pea cultivation in Wakayama is the frequently occurrence of seed abortion after flowering, resulting in so-called “unfilled pods” which look like normal pods in appearance but involve several under-developed seeds. These unfilled pods are difficult to distinguish from pods with well-developed seeds by eye-inspection in the shipment to markets. It, therefore, makes serious troublesome for pea growers and also consumers. Kawanishi et al. showed that the seed abortion in pea can be induced when pea plants were growing after flowering under low-intensity solar radiation and low air temperature particularly in the morning. They also showed that these environmental conditions influenced negatively only the percentage of under-developed seeds, but not the fertilization events. This is because the ploidy level of under-developed seeds was diploid from flow cytometry .
Therefore, some internal factors should be attributable to the under-development of seeds after fertilization. In developing pea seeds, photoassimilates from source leaves are transported as a form of sucrose. Unloaded sucrose to sink apoplast is moved into developing embryo, and converted to UDP-glucose, glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, sequentially. Glucose-6-phosphate is transferred via specific transporter to plastids, and again converted to glucose-1-phosphate, ADP-glucose and finally to starch. Weigelt et al. conducted RNA interference experiment to surpress ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes, which catalyzes the step from glucose-1-phosphate to ADP-glucose, and observed the decrease in starch accumulation and the increase in sucrose content. The significance of AGPase on starch accumulation in pea embryo has been demonstrated by several researchers. Déjadin et al.reported that the genetic variation in the activity of sucrose synthase , which catalyzes the step from sucrose to UDP-glucose, among nine pea genotypes mainly contributed to the variation in the rate of starch accumulation in pea embryos. These researches implied that the occurrence of under-developed seeds is associated with some environmentally induced disorders in sucrose-to-starch metabolism in developing pea seeds. The present study examined the starch contents and enzyme activities relating to the sucrose-to-starch metabolism in the under-developed and normal seeds, as well as pod walls. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying the occurrence of under-developed seeds or unfilled pods of pea causing environmental conditions.AGPase has been well known as a key enzyme of starch biosynthesis in developing endosperms and seeds, leaves and other starch accumulating plant organs. In addition to its fundamental contribution to starch biosynthesis, AGPase plays an important role in the responses against temperature stress in several plants. Influences of low temperature have not been fully examined in pea. The present study may be the first trial to exhibit the relationship between AGPase activity and seed abortion, or unfilled pods, in developing pea seeds under low temperature and low solar irradiation conditions, potted blackberry plant although more data accumulation will be needed. In rice, Ahmed et al. examined the effects of cold stress on the activity of sucrose-to-starch metabolism enzymes. They showed that low temperature reduced the activities of enzymes including AGPase, and excluding granule-bound starch synthase. This stress did not affect grain weight, but increased amylose content of endosperm. Avoidance of seed abortion or unfilled pods in developing pea seeds under adverse conditions is basically provided to prevent these stresses through appropriate cultivation control. As one of the other ways, breeding of tolerant pea genotypes could be considered, although genetic variation for the occurrence of unfilled pods in pea remained not to be fully understood . Saripalli and Gupta reviewed the thermotolerant or thermostable variants of AGPase molecule in relation to the development of heat tolerant crops. These thermostable variants could be obtained from many kinds of amino acid substitution by mutagenesis in maize, by transgenic approach to introduce altered AGPase large-subunit showing insensitivity against the inhibition by inorganic phosphate in wheat, rice, and maize. Also in pea plants, these mutants with thermostable AGPase would be introduced in the future breeding program, while other important factors as sucrose transporters and other enzymes in starch biosynthesis than AGPas should be considered for this problem.
With preservation in the world of biological diversity, protection of plant world and their rational use are one of global problems. In this regard, the development of methods for identifying and preserving ornamental, rare and endangered species of natural flora is one of the pressing issues. According to W.T. Stearn the genus Allium L., there are 750 – 800 species that are widely distributed in Eurasia and America. A number of more than 20 types of onions are widely used by the local population for food. Irrational and exorbitant fees have led to exhaustion and a sharp reduction in the range of many of them.In addition to natural habitats, species of the genus Allium were also studied in unregulated conditions of the culture phytocenosis , where they settled 30 – 40 years ago beyond the limits of previously existing exposures. All studied species are bulbous geophytes with an ephemeroid rhythm of development. In life form, they are classified as bulbous nonparticulating monocentric bows. The material was mainly species of the genus Allium from the subgenus Melanocrommyum,systematic affiliation is given according to F.O. Khasanov. More than 30 Allium species grow in Uzbekistan, among which there are food, medicine and a large number of decorative representatives. A.T. Abdullayeva studied the anatomical structure of the assimilating organs of A. pskemense and A. praemixtum under the conditions of introduction of the Tashkent Botanical Garden and determined the adaptive diagnostic features of the assimilating organs of these species. In this regard, the identification of morphological, structural features of the representatives of the genus Allium in natural conditions and with the introduction, and the rationale for their adaptive traits are of great scientific and practical importance.